Nationally Determined Contributions

What Are Nationally Determined Contributions?

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are country-specific climate action strategies developed under the Paris Agreement. These plans outline how nations intend to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to align with the global objective of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C. They also address how countries will adapt to the effects of climate change. The Paris Agreement requires nations to update their NDCs every five years, progressively increasing their ambition while considering their unique capacities.

Following the initial NDCs in 2015 and the second round in 2020/2021, the third round – referred to as “NDCs 3.0” – is scheduled for early 2025. These updated plans will focus on climate actions through 2035 and will incorporate findings from the Global Stocktake, which assesses worldwide progress in meeting Paris Agreement goals. Stronger and more ambitious NDCs are essential for a sustainable and secure future for all.

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How Do NDCs Tackle the Crisis?

All sectors – energy, industry, agriculture, transportation, and more – must contribute to reducing emissions while adapting to the impacts of climate change. NDCs serve as a national framework for embedding climate action across every sector. They are the primary tool for nations to align efforts, coordinate strategies, and protect communities from the most severe consequences of this global challenge.

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Beyond Climate Action: Broader Benefits of Climate Plans

NDCs can play a transformative role beyond addressing climate change. These national plans can double as frameworks for sustainable development and green investment, helping countries transition toward low-carbon economies.

They also provide an opportunity for nations to support communities and industries heavily affected by the transition to renewable energy, fostering resilience and equity. Additionally, NDCs can prioritize social inclusion by ensuring benefits for historically marginalized groups, such as women, youth, and indigenous populations.

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Are NDCs on Track?

Unfortunately, not yet. While significant progress has been made since the Paris Agreement’s adoption in 2015, current NDC commitments fall short of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C. Current trajectories point to a global temperature increase of 2.5-2.9°C. Moreover, there is often a gap between countries' stated NDC goals and their actual implementation, suggesting emissions in 2030 could exceed even current targets.

The upcoming NDCs 3.0 represent a critical turning point for climate action. Done right, these plans can help avoid the worst effects of climate change while unlocking opportunities for economic growth, job creation, inequality reduction, and improved public health.